Article Review: Hidden cost of reducing resident duty hours

Patient care versus education

This is the tug-of-war struggle that residency programs constantly grapple with. Residents work in an apprenticeship model where they are both patient providers and learners. Both are critical in residency training, but they sometimes negatively impact each other. For instance, EM residents hand-off their patients to covering residents while attending their weekly conference classes. In contrast, residents may skip that day’s board teaching rounds to manage an acutely decompensating patient.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2013-06-15T18:29:04-07:00Nov 30, 2009|Education Articles, Medical Education|

“How ready are medical students for the clinical practice of medicine?”

This was the question addressed by the landmark 1910 Flexner Report from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Back in the early 1900’s, residency training did not exist yet, and students entered clinical practice immediately after graduation from medical school. The quality of medical training varied significantly with alarming deficiencies in many medical schools. An independent, nonprofessional organization was commissioned to report about the situation in order to pressure the public to reform medical school education.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:01:50-08:00Nov 23, 2009|Education Articles, Medical Education|

Hot off the press: Review of EM Clerkship Primer book

In an upcoming issue of the Academic Emergency Medicine journal, there is a glowing review of a collaborative project that I was involved in. If you are a medical student about to do an EM rotation, or serve as a faculty advisor for an EM medical student, feel free to distribute this EM Clerkship Primer (FREE book!) for them to read. [Update 11/21/13: New link for free download PDF] This was the first official project to come out of the Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine (CDEM). It was written by 22 established medical educators in EM, led by our fearless leader/ editor-in-chief, Dave Wald. Go, Dave!

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:01:50-08:00Nov 20, 2009|Medical Education|

Trick of the Trade: The defensive arts against pimping

Thanks to Dr. Rob Roger’s podcast on EM-RAP Educator’s Edition series, I learned of one of the funniest publications EVER in a medical journal. It was published on April 1, 2009 in JAMA. The article focuses on teaching medical students the essential skill set– how to survive “pimping”.

Pimping traditionally occurs when an attending physician poses a difficult question to a learner in a public forum, such as board rounds or in the operating room. As a student or resident, you know that this will happen during your training, and you should be prepared. If you think of pimping as a form of battle, you will need a good defense, and you should mix it up to be successful.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:01:51-08:00Nov 18, 2009|Medical Education, Tricks of the Trade|

Article Review: Learning assessment using virtual patients

I am developing a new microsimulation module to help EM clerkship students gain a more realistic exposure to high-acuity patients. Emergent conditions, such as ectopic pregnancy, acute tricyclic overdose, and ST elevation MI, are usually cared for by senior residents and attendings. Rarely are students primarily involved in these cases.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:01:51-08:00Nov 16, 2009|Education Articles, Medical Education|

Article review: How do you assess the quality of educational research articles?

Imagine this. You are about to conduct an innovative educational project and want to get a research publication out of it. What are considered strong methodological qualities of an educational research study? What can you do to improve your chances for publication?

The authors in this study developed and use an instrument to help measure the methodological quality of quantitative studies in medical education. This instrument, the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), was used to show that scores were predictive of manuscript acceptance into the 2008 Journal of General Internal Medicine (JGIM) special issue on medical education.

What is the MERSQI instrument?
The 10-item MERSQI instrument can be divided into 6 domains, each with a maximum score of 3 points. Numbers within parenthesis denote the number of different items assessed in that domain. The maximum score is 18.

Study design
Sampling (2)
Type of data
Validity of evaluation instrument (3)
Data analysis (2)
Outcomes

The specific scoring criteria are seen in this table below, from an earlier publication on the MERSQI instrument (Reed DA et al, Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA. 2007;298(9):1002-1009). This earlier publication showed that a high MERSQI score correlated with successful funding of the study.

MERSQI scoring criteria (3 points per domain)
Click to enlarge table image.

So what garners a perfect MERSQI score of 18?

A randomized controlled trial conducted at over 2 institutions
A response rate of >75%
Data assessment was done using an objective measure (not self-assessment by study participant)
When using an evaluation instrument, internal structure validity, content validity, and criterion validity are reported.
The data is analyzed appropriately and goes beyond just descriptive analysis.
The outcome measure goes beyond simple survey measures and focuses on instead patient/health care outcomes.

Getting a perfect score of 18 is extremely difficult, as evidenced in this article. In the 100 submitted manuscripts to JGIM, the mean MERSQI score was 9.6 (range 5-15.5). Most manuscripts were single-group cross-sectional studies (54%), conducted at a single institution (78%). Few (36%) reported validity evidence for their evaluation instruments.

The mean total MERSQI score of accepted manuscripts was significantly higher than rejected manuscripts (p=0.003).

Mean score for ACCEPTED manuscript = 10.7
Mean score for REJECTED manuscript = 9.0

I have found the MERSQI scoring instrument extremely helpful in helping me design my educational research studies. Methodologic rigor is almost always the Achilles heel of rejected educational research submissions.

Reference
Reed DA, Beckman TJ, Wright SM, et al. Predictive validity evidence for medical education research study quality instrument scores: quality of submissions to JGIM’s Medical Education Special Issue. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Jul;23(7):903-7.

By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-10-26T17:05:40-07:00Nov 9, 2009|Education Articles, Medical Education|

Article review: Bedside teaching in the ED

Bedside teaching is a unique educational skill, which academic faculty are often assumed to just know how to do. In the ED, it is especially difficult to do this well, because of crowding and unexpected time-sensitive clinical issues, which create distractions and general chaos. Experientially, unpredictable clinical issues negatively impact bedside teaching. Thus, faculty should be flexible and knowledgeable of basic bedside teaching tenets.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-10-26T17:05:40-07:00Oct 26, 2009|Education Articles, Medical Education|

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