Tricks of the Trade: Calcium gel for hydrofluoric acid burns

A 41 y/o m presents to your ED after an occupational exposure to 30% hydrofluoric acid (HF). The thumb and index finger of his right hand were affected. Upon visual examination, the site of exposure looks relatively benign but the patient is complaining of extreme pain. Beyond giving opioids, what can you do?

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By Bryan D. Hayes, PharmD, DABAT, FAACT, FASHP|2020-01-28T04:04:14-08:00Sep 11, 2012|Tox & Medications, Trauma, Tricks of the Trade|

Paucis Verbis: Delayed sequence intubation

A 40-year-old man presents with significant agitation and severe respiratory distress from a COPD exacerbation. His oxygen saturation is 75% on room air, and he has diffuse, tight wheezes on exam. You prepare to intubate the patient using a rapid sequence induction protocol: etomidate, succinylcholine, 8-0 endotracheal tube.

Or do you?

This pocket card discusses the delayed sequence intubation (DSI) protocol made famous by Dr. Scott Weingart and Dr. Rich Levitan.¹ Thanks to Dr. Michelle Reina (EM resident at Univ of Utah) and Dr. Rob (Intermountain Medical Center in Utah) for designing this helpful card. Rob has even implemented a DSI protocol in his ED.

The card breaks down the reasoning and steps behind DSI. Anecdotally, ketamine has often calmed patients down enough during the preoxygenation phase to enhance oxygenation/ventilation so much so that intubation is not required.

PV Card: Delayed Sequence Intubation (DSI)

Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Reference

Weingart S, Levitan R. Preoxygenation and prevention of desaturation during emergency airway management. Ann Emerg Med. 2012;59(3):165-75.e1. [PubMed]

By Michelle Lin, MD|2022-04-05T15:07:58-07:00Aug 31, 2012|ALiEM Cards, Critical Care/ Resus|

Trick of the Trade: Oral naloxone for opioid-induced constipation

Opioids are amazingly effective for pain control. Patients on chronic opioids, however, often struggle with constipation. These patients may fail supportive treatment with enemas and laxatives.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T18:44:08-08:00Aug 28, 2012|Tox & Medications, Tricks of the Trade|

Peeing into the wind? Urine drug screens, part 2 (opiates)

Apart from benzodiazepines, the opiate urine drug screens (UDS) are probably the most frequently utilized and misunderstood.

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By Bryan D. Hayes, PharmD, DABAT, FAACT, FASHP|2016-11-11T18:44:08-08:00Aug 27, 2012|Tox & Medications|

Paucis Verbis: CHF likelihood ratios

A 50 y/o man with a history of CHF and COPD is brought in by ambulance in severe respiratory distress. He is sitting upright with a RR 30 and O2 saturation of 79% on room air. Is this a CHF or COPD exacerbation? This is a common dilemma faced in the ED. Fortunately there are likelihood ratios to help you risk stratify using a Fagan nomogram.

Note that there are 3 tables:

All-comer Emergency Department (ED) patients¹
ED patients WITH a known history of asthma or COPD²
Summative LRs for BNP are provided in ED patients with or without a history of asthma/COPD¹

See the blue font for the likelihood ratios ≥ 3.0.

PV Card: Does Your Dyspneic Patient Have CHF?

Adapted from [1, 2]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

References

Wang C, FitzGerald J, Schulzer M, Mak E, Ayas N. Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure? JAMA. 2005;294(15):1944-1956. [PubMed]
McCullough P, Hollander J, Nowak R, et al. Uncovering heart failure in patients with a history of pulmonary disease: rationale for the early use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(3):198-204. [PubMed]

By Michelle Lin, MD|2021-10-10T08:40:49-07:00Aug 24, 2012|ALiEM Cards, Cardiovascular|

Trick of the Trade: Alternative to Word catheter for Bartholin abscess

Bartholin abscesses are challenging to manage, partly because of Word catheter insertion. Sometimes, the space is not large enough (unable to fit the catheter) or too large (catheter falls out). How else can you “pack” the abscess space?

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2019-01-28T22:16:36-08:00Aug 21, 2012|Ob/Gyn, Tricks of the Trade|

Peeing into the wind? Urine drug screens, part 1 (benzodiazepines)

Let’s be honest. When was the last time results from urine drug screens (UDS) changed your management plan? Many times it takes hours for the patient to give the urine sample anyway. And, with all of the false positives out there, how do we know what the heck the result is actually telling us?

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By Bryan D. Hayes, PharmD, DABAT, FAACT, FASHP|2016-11-11T18:44:14-08:00Aug 20, 2012|Tox & Medications|