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Paucis Verbis: Acetaminophen toxicity

acetaminophen toxicityDid you know that the American Association of Poison Control Centers reports that 10% of poison center calls are related to acetaminophen ingestions? That’s a lot. This Paucis Verbis card reviews the basics of acetaminophen toxicity. I included the Rumack Matthew nomogram to help you plot out the patient’s risk for hepatotoxicity.

In the Emergency Department, we often screen for acetaminophen toxicity for patients who may have ingested substances as a suicide attempt. We check the serum acetaminophen level 4 hours post-ingestion. Occasionally, we are surprised by a toxic level because in the first 24 hours, because symptoms are can be mild and nonspecific (abdominal pain, nausea, lethargy).

Rule of 150

  • The toxic ingestion dose of acetaminophen is 150 mg/kg.
  • The serum acetaminophen level when N-acetylcysteine treatment should be started is 150 mcg/mL (see Rumack Matthew nomogram)
  • The starting IV dose of N-acetylcysteine is 150 mg/kg over 15 minutes.

PV Card: Acetaminophen Toxicity


Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Reference

  1. Larson A. Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Clin Liver Dis. 2007;11(3):525-48, vi. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-11T15:53:18-07:00Nov 4, 2011|ALiEM Cards, Tox & Medications|
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Trick of the trade: Nebulized naloxone

NaloxoneOverdoses of long-acting opiates, such as oxycodone and methadone, are challenging to manage, especially if these patients are chronically on opiates.

On the one hand, you want to reverse some of the sedative effectives with naloxone so that they aren’t near-apneic and hypoxic. You also want to be able to take a history from them. On the other hand, you don’t want to abruptly withdraw them with naloxone such that they become violent and agitated. It is a fine balancing act.

Long-acting opiates present a separate challenging because naloxone wears off fairly quickly in 30-45 minutes. These patients may require repeat dosings and/or a naloxone IV drip.

(more…)

By |2026-02-02T20:32:13-08:00Nov 1, 2011|Tox & Medications, Tricks of the Trade|
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Paucis Verbis: Influenza – To treat or not to treat?

SwineFlu-1 influenza

Influenza season typically peaks in the United States during the Jan-Feb months and can start as early as October. You can read about the 2011-12 seasonal flu data on the CDC website.

Should you give a patient with influenza an antiviral agent or just provide supportive therapy?

This Paucis Verbis card summaries the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations for this upcoming 2011-12 flu season. I also let patients with uncomplicated influenza who are going to be managed as outpatients know that a 5-day course of osteltamivir or zanamivir will cost them about $50-80. Often that sways them towards declining a prescription and “toughing out” an extra day of the flu.

PV Card: Influenza


Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Reference

  1. Centers for. Infectious disease. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(3):299-303; discussion 303-4. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-12T15:44:24-07:00Oct 28, 2011|ALiEM Cards, Infectious Disease|
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Paucis Verbis: Ventilator settings for obstructive lung disease

Ventilator

Following up with last week’s Paucis Verbis card on Ventilator Settings for Acute Lung Injury and ARDS, here is the card on Ventilator Settings for Obstructive Lung Disease. This is for patients who present with acute asthma or COPD exacerbation who require endotracheal intubation.

What initial ventilator settings should you set for these patients?

 


Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Thanks to Dr. Jenny Wilson for the card and Dr. Scott Weingart for the original stellar podcast from which this card was derived.

By |2021-10-12T15:47:16-07:00Oct 21, 2011|ALiEM Cards, Pulmonary|
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Paucis Verbis: Ventilator settings for acute lung injury and ARDS

VentilatorA patient presents with severe multilobar pneumonia and refractory hypoxia requiring endotracheal intubation. The respiratory therapist connects your patient to the ventilator.

“What settings would you like your patient on?”

Back in 2010, Dr. Scott Weingart posted a great podcast on “Dominating the Vent“. It’s such a fantastic distillation of the practical aspect of ventilator setting management of all intubated patients except those with an acute asthma or COPD exacerbation, Dr. Jenny Wilson and I thought this would be a great Paucis Verbis card to have in your peripheral brain.

Note: The tidal volume should be calculated based on Predicted Body Weight (PBW), which is based on patient gender and height. The calculation is at the bottom of the card. Using a patient’s actual weight might yield a tidal volume that is way too high. The initial vent settings in the example box are for a patient with a PBW of 70 kg. That’s basically a 5’9″ man or 5’11” woman.

PV Card: Ventilator Settings for Lung Protection


Adapted from [1]
See ALiEM (PV) cards.

Thanks to Dr. Jenny Wilson for the idea and writing this card, and Dr. Scott Weingart for a great podcast as always.

Reference

  1. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-12T15:50:38-07:00Oct 14, 2011|ALiEM Cards, Pulmonary|
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Paucis Verbis: Neutropenic fever in cancer patients

ThermometerA 65 y/o man with a history of prostate cancer presents to your ED from home appearing fairly well and a mild cough for 3 days. His vital signs are:

  • Temperature 39 C
  • BP 160/80
  • HR 60
  • RR 14
  • Oxygen saturation 99% on room air

His absolute neutrophil count (ANC) comes back at 300 cells/mm3. His chest xray shows a right middle lobe pneumonia and a central line catheter tip ending in the SVC.

  • Is this patient “high” or “low” risk per the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)?
  • Does this person require inpatient admission?
  • What antibiotics would you start on this patient?

Answers

  • The patient’s MASCC score is 5 (mild symptoms) + 5 (no hypotension) + 4 (no COPD) + 4 (solid tumor) + 3 (no dehydration) + 3 (outpatient) = 24 = LOW RISK
  • NOTE: “Burden of febrile neutropenia” is a subjective scoring of the patient’s symptoms
  • The patient is, however, ultimately HIGH RISK clinically because of the finding of pneumonia on CXR. Admit.
  • Abx = Cefipime + Vancomycin

FYI: Vancomycin is not always indicated in cancer patients with a neutropenic fever.

PV Card: Neutropenic Fever in Cancer Patients (IDSA 2010)


Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Thanks to Alissa and Hemal for suggesting the topic!

Reference

  1. Freifeld A, Bow E, Sepkowitz K, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(4):e56-93. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-12T15:54:10-07:00Oct 7, 2011|ALiEM Cards, Heme-Oncology, Infectious Disease|
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