Paucis Verbis card: TIMI risk score

How do you risk-stratify undifferentiated chest pain patients in the Emergency Department? There are a multitude of causes for chest pain. We are always taught to think of the 5 big life-threats: ACS, PE, aortic dissection, tension pneumothorax, and pericardial tamponade.

So how do YOU risk-stratify your patients for unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)? STEMI’s are usually obvious. UA and NSTEMIs — not so much.

Fortunately a 2000 JAMA article and a followup Academic Emergency Medicine 2006 study have solidified the TIMI risk scoring system as a reasonable risk-stratification tool for all-comer ED patients with chest pain requiring an ECG.

Generally there is an upslope in risk at a TIMI score of 3 and greater.

PV Card: TIMI Risk Score

Adapted from [1, 2]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

References

Pollack C, Sites F, Shofer F, Sease K, Hollander J. Application of the TIMI risk score for unstable angina and non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome to an unselected emergency department chest pain population. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13(1):13-18. [PubMed]
Antman E, Cohen M, Bernink P, et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA. 2000;284(7):835-842. [PubMed]

By Michelle Lin, MD|2021-10-18T10:09:44-07:00Aug 27, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Cardiovascular|

Paucis Verbis card: Croup

The most common cause of stridor in pediatric patients is croup, or laryngotracheobronchitis. The distinct high-pitched, seal-like,”barky” cough can be heard from outside the patient’s room often.

Check out the YouTube clip above. Go to the 1:15 mark (near the end) to hear the barking cough. Poor but cute kid.

What is the current treatment regimen? Did you know that the traditional treatment with cool mist or humidified air have shown to be of no added benefit?

PV Card: Croup

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Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

By Michelle Lin, MD|2021-10-19T19:29:51-07:00Aug 20, 2010|ALiEM Cards, ENT, Infectious Disease, Pediatrics|

Paucis Verbis card: Acute limb ischemia

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a true vascular emergency. It doesn’t occur as frequently as the more high-profile conditions as cerebrovascular accidents and acute myocardial infarcts, but it portends similarly high morbidity and mortality risk.

How do you stage a patient with ALI, based on the Rutherford classification system?
What is the ED treatment plan?
Should this patient go to Interventional Radiology or the Operating Room for more definitive management?

PV Card: Acute Limb Ischemia with Rutherford Classification

Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

By Michelle Lin, MD|2021-12-21T13:31:37-08:00Aug 13, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Cardiovascular|

Paucis Verbis card: Procedural sedation and analgesia

From time to time, our patients need moderated and deep sedation in order to tolerate painful procedures such as joint reductions or incision and drainage procedures. There are many medications available to us including some newer ones such as Ketofol and Dexmedetomidine.

This week’s Paucis Verbis is a reference card to remind us of the importance of Airway Assessment and help us calculate the medication doses.

If you want to learn more about these medications and some strategies for different types of patients and procedures I recommend the EMCRIT Podcast PSA Lectures 1 and 2.

PV Card: Procedural Sedation and Analgesia

Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Reference

Walls RM, Brown CA. Approach to the difficult airway in adults outside the operating room. UpToDate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-difficult-airway-in-adults-outside-the-operating-room. Published November 2, 2016.

By Demian Szyld, MD EdM|2026-06-16T16:03:34-07:00Aug 6, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Tox & Medications|

Trick of the Trade: Prescribing opiates

As emergency physicians, we are experts in pain control. We frequently write opiate prescriptions for patients being discharged home. Unfortunately, an occasional patient tries to forge my prescription. At times, I get a call from pharmacy for prescriptions that were suspiciously written. For instance several years ago, I had someone try to forge 100 tablets of “Mophine”.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:00:35-08:00Aug 4, 2010|Tox & Medications, Tricks of the Trade|

Paucis Verbis card: Strep pharyngitis

Have you heard of the Modified Centor Score for strep pharyngitis? Interestingly, it has been validated in adults and children. The methodology builds on the traditional Centor Score by incorporating the patient’s age, because this disease is more prevalent in kids than adults. In fact, you actually lose a scoring point if you are older than 44 years old.

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2021-10-18T10:16:16-07:00Jul 30, 2010|ALiEM Cards, ENT, Pediatrics|

Trick of the Trade: Foley balloon be gone!

An urethral Foley catheter can sometimes become retained in the bladder, because of its balloon being unable to deflate. A malfunctioning inflation valve or obstructed channel along the length of the catheter is the cause.

How can you deflate the balloon so that the Foley catheter can be removed?

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By Michelle Lin, MD|2016-11-11T19:00:36-08:00Jul 28, 2010|Genitourinary, Tricks of the Trade|