Paucis Verbis card: Septic Arthritis

Knee PainIn the workup of monoarticular arthritis, the question that emergency physicians constantly struggle over is whether the patient has a nongonococcal septic arthritis. This joint infection alarmingly damages and erodes cartilage within only a few days.

This installment of the Paucis Verbis (In a Few Words) e-card series reviews the JAMA Rational Clinical Examination article which asks “Does this patient have septic arthritis?” Pooled sensitivities and likelihood ratios were calculated. These statistics are always helpful when trying to figure out the patients probability of having a septic joint.

I was surprised to learn that only about 50% of patients with septic joints have a fever. Note that a hip or knee prosthesis PLUS an overlying skin infection pretty much equals a septic joint (LR = 15.0).

Risk factors are listed in the table with the corresponding sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios.

PV Card: Septic Arthritis


Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

By |2021-10-19T19:42:49-07:00Jun 11, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Infectious Disease, Orthopedic|

PV Card: Dermatomal and Myotomal Maps

There are some things in life which I just can’t memorize and dermatomal/myotomal maps are one of them. Weird cases of peripheral neurologic symptoms have presented to the ED in the setting of trauma and no trauma. So purely for selfish reasons, I’m making my own map to have on file.

This installment of the Paucis Verbis (In a Few Words) e-card series reviews Sensory and Motor Function Testing by Levels.

PV Card: Dermatomal and Myotomal Maps

Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.
By |2021-10-08T09:42:25-07:00May 28, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Neurology, Orthopedic|

Paucis Verbis card: Ottawa knee, ankle, and foot rules

Often times, I get called to triage to help decide whether a patient should be sent to Radiology for an initial x-ray after injuring their knee, ankle, and/or foot. After teaching one of the nurses about the Ottawa rules, she taped a list of these rules on the triage wall.

This installment of the Paucis Verbis (In a Few Words) e-card series reviews Ottawa Knee, Ankle, and Foot Rules.

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By |2021-10-19T19:39:35-07:00May 7, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Orthopedic, Radiology|

Paucis Verbis card: Vasopressors and Inotropes for Shock

IVdripsmThe treatment of shock should focus on correcting the underlying pathophysiology. With persistent hemodynamic instability, a vasopressor and/or inotrope should be selected. Reviewing receptor physiology can help you select the best-fit agent for the patient’s clinical condition. There is an especially useful table on medication selection in the reviewed 2008 EM Clinics of North America article.

This installment of the Paucis Verbis (In a Few Words) e-card series reviews Vasopressors and Inotropes for the Treatment of Shock.

PV Card: Vasopressors and Inotropes in Shock


Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Edit 3/28/14: Dopamine removed as second-tier agent for septic shock (mainly reserved for rare cases of inappropriate bradycardia at low risk for arrhythmias)

Reference

  1. Ellender T, Skinner J. The use of vasopressors and inotropes in the emergency medical treatment of shock. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2008;26(3):759-86, ix. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-19T18:48:16-07:00Apr 30, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Cardiovascular, Tox & Medications|

Paucis Verbis card: Skipping the CT prior to LP for meningitis

LumbarPunctureWith increasing awareness of CT’s irradiation risk, I thought I would review a classic 2001 article from the New England Journal of Medicine. Head CT’s previously were commonly performed prior to all lumbar punctures (LP) to rule-out meningitis. When can you safely go straight to an LP without imaging?

Caveat: This review only applies to those patients in whom you suspect meningitis. This does not apply to those being worked up for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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By |2021-10-19T19:36:53-07:00Apr 23, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Neurology, Radiology|

Paucis Verbis card: Early goal directed therapy

One of the landmark studies in sepsis was conducted by Dr. Emanuel Rivers (Henry Ford) and published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2001. By managing patients with severe sepsis and septic shock with an “early goal directed therapy” approach, there was an absolute risk reduction of 16%. Furthermore, the number needed to treat to save a life was 6 patients!

This installment of the Paucis Verbis (In a Few Words) e-card series reviews Early Goal Directed Therapy algorithm. The layout is borrowed from a Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) flowchart.


Adapted from [1]
Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources.

Reference

  1. Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1368-1377. [PubMed]
By |2021-10-19T18:50:19-07:00Apr 16, 2010|ALiEM Cards, Infectious Disease|
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