Paucis Verbis: Fibrinolytics for Acute Pulmonary Embolism
When would you give fibrinolytics for a Pulmonary Embolism? This Paucis Verbis card summarizes recommendations found in Circulation's recently published Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Although it is rare to give fibrinolytics for a pulmonary embolism (PE) in the Emergency Department, it is important to remember when lytics are indicated. PV Card: Fibrinolysis for Acute Pulmonary Embolism Adapted from [1] Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources. Reference Jaff M, McMurtry M, Archer S, et al. Management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a scientific statement from the American Heart [+]
Trick of the Trade: Making a beanie hat
Scalp lacerations are a common condition in the Emergency Department. Some require no bandage over once the injury is repaired. Because the scalp is so vascular, others require a pressure dressing over the site to minimize hematoma formation. How do you bandage these patients? It is difficult to secure any wrap or square gauze over the site, because the head is round and the hair is slippery. [+]
Paucis Verbis: Diagnostic testing tips for acute abdominal pain
In the most recent EM Clinics of North America publication, Dr. Panebianco et al. discussed the evidence behind diagnostic tests for acute abdominal pain. There were some really great teaching points in this broad-reaching topic. My favorite pearl: A 3-way acute abdominal series is too insensitive to rule-out any major acute causes of abdominal pain with confidence. So stop ordering them routinely. If you are worried about a perforated viscus, order an upright chest x-ray instead -- more accurate and less radiation. Adapted from [1] Go to ALiEM (PV) Cards for more resources. Reference Panebianco N, Jahnes K, Mills [+]
Tricks of the Trade: Underwater ultrasonography
I've heard of underwater basketweaving, but underwater ultrasonography? Bedside ultrasonography is a great tool to help find small foreign bodies. Commonly foreign bodies get lodged superficially in the patient's extremities. Because superficial structures (<1 cm deep) are difficult to visualize on ultrasound, you should apply a really generous, thick layer of ultrasound gel to create some distance. Alternatively, you can add a step-off pad, such as a bag of saline or fluid-filled glove, to place between the patient's skin and transducer. What's a quicker and easier way to create some distance yet preserve image quality? Trick of the Trade Submerse [+]
Paucis Verbis: NSAIDS and upper GI bleeds
Do no harm. We so often recommend and give NSAIDs to patients for various painful conditions. We also commonly administer ketorolac (toradol) in the ED, because it works so amazingly well for renal colic. When giving various NSAIDs, what is the relative risk (RR) for an upper GI bleed or perforation in the first year? Ketorolac has the highest upper GI complication RR (14.54) for all of the studied NSAIDs. Compare this with the overall risk of traditional COX-1 NSAIDS (RR=4.5) and COX-2 inhibitors (RR=1.88). So before giving ketorolac, first check that patients don't have a history of a GI [+]
Trick of the Trade: Anesthetizing the nasal tract
One of the most uncomfortable procedures that we do on patients is a nasogastric (NG) tube. The maximal pain comes when the NG tube has to make a right angle turn in the posterior nasopharynx. The same goes for the nasopharyngeal (NP) fiberoptic scope. There are many approaches to topical anesthesia, including using benzocaine sprays, gargling with viscous lidocaine, squirting viscous lidocaine in the nares +/- afrin spray, and nebulizing lidocaine. None, however, really apply an anesthetic directly over the most sensitive area AND test for its effectiveness. [+]
Paucis Verbis: Cardiac tamponade or just an effusion?
What is a cardiac tamponade? It is a clinical state where pericardial fluid causes hemodynamic compromise. With bedside ultrasonography in most Emergency Departments now, it's relatively easy to detect a pericardial effusion. But what we more want to know in the immediate setting is: Is this cardiac tamponade? You can look for RA systolic or RV diastolic collapse. What if it's equivocal? How good is the clinical exam and EKG in ruling out a tamponade? Answer Poor to average, at best. The Beck's triad of hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are important to remember ... only on [+]
Trick of the Trade: Epistaxis control with tongue blades
For epistaxis, the classic teaching is to pinch the nose to control the bleeding. A persistent nosebleed often is the result of one’s natural inclination to constantly check if there is still bleeding every few seconds. Applying pressure on-and-off makes it difficult for the bleeding to stop. [+]
Paucis Verbis: Blunt cerebrovascular injuries
In the setting of blunt trauma, it is easily to overlook a patient's risk for blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI). These are injuries to the carotid and vertebral arteries. Often they are asymptomatic with the initial injury, but the goal is to detect them before they develop a delayed stroke. Who are at risk for these injuries? What kind of imaging should I order to rule these injuries out? Do I really treat these patients with antithrombotic agents even in the setting of trauma to reduce the incidence of CVA? FYI: A simple seat-belt sign along the neck does not warrant [+]
Trick of the Trade: A mini-suction device
You are doing a shift in the pediatric ED and you are evaluating a kid with a small bead in her ear. There are a ton different approaches you can use (eg. tissue adhesive glue on a q-tip stick). If the bead is in too deep, blindly trying to adhere the foreign body to the glue is a bit risky. Sometimes applying gentle irrigation might not be enough to wash out the bead. You want to avoid irrigation if you worry about a tympanic membrane rupture. [+]
Director of Growth, Strategic Alliance Initiative, Center for Innovation and Digital Health
Massachusetts General Hospital;
Chief Scientific Officer, Conductscience.com
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